ON CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS
By CESARE BECCARIA
Italy — 1764


[Overview: Outline of Beccaria's Argument]

 

Table of Contents

 

To the Reader
Introduction

 

1. Of the Origin of Punishments

2. Of the Right to Punish

3. Consequences of the Foregoing Principles

4. Of the Interpretation of the Laws

5. Of the Obscurity of Laws

6. Of the Proportion between Crimes and Punishments

7. Of Estimating the Degree of Crimes

8. Of the Division of Crimes

9. Of Honour

10. Of Duelling

11. Of Crimes which Disturb the Public Tranquility

12. Of the Intent of Punishments

13. Of the Credibility of Witnesses

14. Of Evidence and the Proofs of a Crime, and of the Form of Judgement

15. Of Secret Accusations

16. Of Torture

17. Of Pecuniary Punishments

18. Of Oaths

19. Of the Advantage of Immediate Punishment

20. Of Acts of Violence

21. Of the Punishment of the Nobles

22. Of Robbery

23. Of Infamy Considered as a Punishment

24. Of Idleness

25. Of Banishment and Confiscation

26. Of the Spirit of Family in States

27. Of the Mildness of Punishments

28. Of the Punishment of Death

29. Of Imprisonment

30. Of Prosecution and Prescription

31. Of Crimes of Difficult Proof

32. Of Suicide

33. Of Smuggling

34. Of Bankrupts

35. Of Sanctuaries

36. Of Rewards for Apprehending or Killing Criminals

37. Of Attempts, Accomplices, and Pardon

38. Of Suggestive Interrogations

39. Of a Particular Kind of Crime

40. Of False Ideas of Utility

41. Of the Means of Preventing Crimes

42. Of the Sciences

43. Of Magistrates

44. Of Rewards

45. Of Education

46. Of Pardons

47. Conclusion

 


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