A. Torture
1. Premodern
Langbein, John H. Torture and the Law of Proof: Europe and England in the Ancien Regime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Peters, Edward. Torture. Expanded edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.
Spierenburg, Petrus Cornelis. The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression: From a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
2. Contemporary/Experiential
Améry, Jean. At the Mind’s Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and Its Realities. Translated from the French by Sidney Rosenfeld and Stella P. Rosenfeld. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988.
Forrest, Duncan, ed. A Glimpse of Hell: Reports on Torture Worldwide. For Amnesty International. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. London: Oxford University Press, 1985.
B. Influences and Early Contract Theorists
Helvétius, Claude Adrien. De l’esprit, or, Essays on the Mind, and its Several Faculties. [1758]. Translated from the French. London: Vernor, Hood, and Sharpe, 1810.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan: With Selected Variants from the Latin Edition of 1668, edited by Edwin Curley. [1651]. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1994. [WWW]
Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government, edited by C. B. Macpherson. [1690]. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1980. [WWW]
Montesquieu, Baron Charles Louis Secondat de. The Persian Letters. [1721]. Translated from the French by George Healy. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1999. [WWW]
——————. The Spirit of the Laws, edited by Anne M. Cohler. [1748]. Translated from the French by Anne M. Cohler, Basia Carolyn Miller, and Herold Samuel Stone. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1989. [WWW]
Pufendorf, Samuel von. The Two Books on the Duty of Man and Citizen According to Natural Law. [1673]. Edited by James Tully. Translated from the German by Michael Silverthorne. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991. [WWW]
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. On Social Contract or Principles of Political Right. [1762]. In Rousseau: The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, edited by Victor Gourevitch. Translated from the French. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1997. [WWW]
Tuck, Richard. Hobbes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
——————. Philosophy and Government: 1572-1651. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
The United States. "A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled." Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1776. [WWW]
C. Beccaria and Bentham
Andrews, Richard Mowery. "The Cunning of Imagery: Rhetoric and Ideology in Cesare Beccaria’s Treatise On Crimes and Punishments." In Begetting Images: Studies in the Art and Science of Symbol Production, edited by Mary B. Campell and Mark Rollins. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
——————. Law, Magistracy, and Crime in Old Regime Paris, 1735–1789, volume I, The System of Criminal Justice. See 441-72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana. An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. [1764]. 2nd American edition. Translated from the Italian by Anonymous. Philadelphia: Philip H. Nicklin, 1819. [Archive]
Beccaria, Cesare. On Crimes and Punishments. [1764]. Translated from the Italian by Richard Davies and Virginia Cox. In On Crimes and Punishments and Other Writings, edited by Richard Bellamy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
——————. On Crimes and Punishments. [1764]. Translated from the Italian by David Young. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett, 1986.
——————. "A Discourse on Public Economy and Commerce." [1769]. Included as "Inaugural Lecture" in Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments and Other Writings, edited by Richard Bellamy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. [WWW].
Beirne, Piers. "Towards a Science of Homo Criminalis: Cesare Beccaria’s Dei Delitti e Delle Pene." [1991]. In Inventing Criminology: Essays on the Rise of ‘Homo Criminalis’. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.
Bentham, Jeremy. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. [1789]. In A Bentham Reader, edited by Mary Peter Mack. New York: Pegasus Books, 1969. [WWW]
——————. The Rationale of Punishment. London: R. Heward, 1830. [WWW]
——————. The Rationale of Reward. London: John and H. L. Hunt, 1825. [WWW]
Cockburn, J. S. "Punishment and Brutalization in the English Enlightenment." Law and History Review 12 (1994): 155-79.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated from the French by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. [See Part II.]
Fuller, Timothy. "Jeremy Bentham and James Mill." In History of Political Philosophy, edited by Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey, 710-31. Third edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Geis, Gilbert. "Jeremy Bentham." In Pioneers of Criminology, edited by Hermann Mannheim. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1972.
Hart, H. L. A. "Bentham and Beccaria." In Essays on Bentham, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Maestro, Marcello T. Cesare Beccaria and the Origins of Penal Reform. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1973.
——————. Gaetano Filangieri and his Science of Legislation. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976.
——————. Voltaire and Beccaria as Reformers of Criminal Law. New York: Columbia University Press, 1942.
Manzoni, Alessandro. The Column of Infamy, Prefaced by Cesare Beccaria’s "Of Crimes and Punishments." Translated from the Italian by Kenelm Foster, O. P. and Jane Grigson, with an Introduction by A. P. d’Entrêves. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.
For biographic information and further bibliographic references about Beccaria, consult Richard Bellamy’s Introduction to On Crimes and Punishments and the text and notes to Beirne’s article cited above.
D. From the Classical School to the Penitentiary;
Impact on Enlightenment Criminal Justice PracticeBeaumont, Gustave de, and Alexis de Tocqueville. On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in France. [1833]. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1964.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated from the French by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
Ignatieff, Michael. A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. [1971]. Revised second edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company, 1990.
A. Criminal Abnormality: Italian Positivism & Beyond
Beirne, Piers. Inventing Criminology: Essays on the Rise of ‘Homo Criminalis’. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.
Brockway, Zebulon Reed. "The Ideal of a True Prison System for a State." In Transactions of the National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline, 1870, edited by E. C. Wines. Albany: Weed, Parsons, 1871. [Archive]
——————. "Prevention of Crime." In National Prison Association, Proceedings, 1901. [Archive]
Buck v. Bell, Superintendent, 274 U.S. 200 (1927). [Archive]
Deflem, Mathieu. "Ferdinand Tönnies on Crime and Society: An Unexplored Contribution to Criminological Sociology." History of the Human Sciences 12, no. 3 (1999): 87-116. [WWW]
Dugdale, Richard. The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, and Heredity. New York: Putnam, 1877.
Ferri, Enrico. Criminal Sociology. [1884]. Revised edition. Translated from the Italian by J. I. Kelly and J. Lisle. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown, 1917. [WWW]
——————. The Positive School of Criminology; Three Lectures by Enrico Ferri. [1901]. Edited by S. E. Grupp. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968.
Galton, Francis. Essays in Eugenics. London: Eugenics Education Society, 1909.
——————. "Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims." American Journal of Sociology 10, no. 1 (1904): 1-25. [JSTOR]
——————. Hereditary Genius. London: Macmillian, 1869.
——————. "Studies in Eugenics." American Journal of Sociology 11, no. 1 (1905): 11-25. [JSTOR]
Garland, David. "British Criminology Before 1935." The British Journal of Criminology 28 (1988): 131–47.
——————. "The Criminal and His Science: A Critical Account of the Formation of Criminology at the End of the Nineteenth Century." The British Journal of Criminology 25 (1985): 109–37.
——————. Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies. Aldershot: Gower Publishing Company Limited, 1985.
Glueck, Sheldon, and Eleanor Glueck. 500 Criminal Careers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1930.
——————. 500 Delinquent Women. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1934.
Goddard, Henry. H. Feeble-Mindedness. New York: Macmillan, 1914.
——————. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness. New York: Macmillan, 1913. [WWW]
Goring, Charles. The English Convict: A Statistical Study. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1913.
Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1981.
Healy, William. The Individual Delinquent. Boston: Little, Brown, 1915.
Hobhouse, Leonard T. Social Evolution and Political Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 1911.
Hooton, Earnest A. The American Criminal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1939.
Lombroso, Cesare and William Ferrero. The Female Offender. London: Fisher Unwin, 1895.
Lombroso, Cesare. Crime: Its Causes and Remedies. Patterson Smith, 1912.
Lombroso-Ferrero, Gina. Criminal Man, According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1911.
Mednick, Sarnoff, Terrie Moffitt and Susan Stack, ed. The Causes of Crime: New Biological Approaches. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Rafter, Nicole Hahn. Creating Born Criminals. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
——————. "Psychopathy and the Evolution of Criminological Knowledge." Theoretical Criminology: 1, no. 2 (May 1997): 235-59.
Tönnies, Ferdinand. "The Prevention of Crime (First Article)." International Journal of Ethics 2 (1891): 51-77. [See also Deflem, above.] [JSTOR].
Essays of mixed quality about many of the thinkers above can be found in: Pioneers of Criminology, edited by Hermann Mannheim. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1972.
Beirne’s work contains essays on Quetelet, Guerry, Tarde, Goring, and Lombroso, in addition to Beccaria.
B. The Normality of Crime: The French Connection (et. al.)
Beirne, Piers. Inventing Criminology: Essays on the Rise of ‘Homo Criminalis’. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.
Comte, Auguste. The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte. [1830-42]. Freely translated and condensed by Harriet Martineau. London: 1853. [WWW]
Cotterrell, Roger. Émile Durkheim: Law in a Moral Domain. Berkeley, California: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Durkheim, Émile. Rules of Sociological Method. [1895]. Eighth Edition. Translated from the French by Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mueller. Edited by George E. G. Catlin. New York: The Free Press, 1938.
Garland, David. "Durkheim’s Theory of Punishment: A Critique." In The Power to Punish: Contemporary Penality and Social Analysis, edited by David Garland and Peter Young. London: Heinemann, 1983.
——————. "Punishment and the Construction of Authority: A Reworking of Durkheimian Themes." In Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
——————. "Punishment and Social Solidarity: The Work of Émile Durkheim." In Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Hacking, Ian. The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Lenzer, Gertrud, ed. Auguste Comte and Positivism: The Essential Writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Nye, Robert A. Crime, Madness, and Politics in Modern France: The Medical Concept of National Decline. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Porter, Theodore M. The Rise of Statistical Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. [See especially 128-48.]
Quetelet, Adolphe. Research on the Propensity of Crime at Different Ages. [1831]. Translated from the French by Sawyer F. Sylvester. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing Company, 1984.
——————. A Treatise on Man and the Development of his Faculties. [1842]. New York: Burt Franklin, 1968.
Stigler, Stephen M. The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1986. [See especially 265-99.]
A. The Chicago School
1. Primary Work of the Chicago School and its Influences
Addams, Jane. The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets. [1909]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972.
——————. "The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements." [1892]. In Philanthropy and Social Progress. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Company, 1893. [WWW]
——————. Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1910. [WWW]
Anderson, Nels. The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man. [1923]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
——————. "The Juvenile and the Tramp." Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology August 1 (1923): 290-312.
——————. Men on the Move. [1940]. New York: Da Capo Press, 1974.
——————. The Milk and Honey Route: A Handbook for Hoboes. New York: Vanguard Press, 1931.
——————. On Hobos and Homelessness, edited by Raffaele Rauty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Breckinridge, Sophonisba P., and Edith Abbott. The Delinquent Child and the Home. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Charities Publication Committee, 1912. [WWW]
Burgess, Ernest W. On Community, Family, and Delinquency: Selected Writings, edited by Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., Albert Hunter, and James F. Short, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
Cressey, Paul G. The Taxi-Dance Hall: A Sociological Study in Commercialized Recreation and City Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932.
Dewey, John. The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy and Other Essays. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1910. [WWW]
——————. "Logical Method and the Law." Cornell Law Quarterly 10 (1924).
Donovan, Francis R. The Woman Who Waits. [1920]. New York: Arno Press, 1974.
Drake, St. Clair, and Horace R. Cayton. Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1945.
Faris, Ellsworth. "The Origin of Punishment." International Journal of Ethics 25 (Oct. 1914): 54-67. [JSTOR]
——————. "The Social Psychology of George Mead." American Journal of Sociology 43 (1937): 391-403. [JSTOR]
Frazier, E. Franklin. The Negro Family in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939.
James, William. "The Moral Equivalent of War." [1906]. New York: American Association for International Conciliation, 1910. [WWW]
Landesco, John. Organized Crime in Chicago (Part III of the Illinois Crime Survey, 1929). [1929]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
McKenzie, R. D. "The Ecological Approach to the Study of the Human Community." American Journal of Sociology 30 (1924): 287-301. [Adapted as Chapter III of The City.] [JSTOR]
Mead, George Herbert. "The Psychology of Punitive Justice." American Journal of Sociology 23 (1917-18): 577-602. [JSTOR] [WWW]
Park, Robert E. "The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment." American Journal of Sociology 20 (1915): 577-612. [Adapted as Chapter I of The City.] [JSTOR]
——————. "The Natural History of the Newspaper." American Journal of Sociology 29 (1923): 273-89. [Adapted as Chapter IV of The City.] [JSTOR]
Park, Robert E., Ernest W. Burgess, and R. D. McKenzie. The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment. [1925]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Reckless, Walter C. Criminal Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1940.
——————. Vice in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1933.
Residents of Hull-House. Hull-House Maps and Papers. New York: Crowell, 1895. [WWW]
Ross, Edward Alsworth. Sin and Society: An Analysis of Latter-Day Iniquity. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1907. [WWW]
Shaw, Clifford R. The Jack-Roller: A Delinquent Boy’s Own Story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930.
——————. The Natural History of a Delinquency Career. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931.
Shaw, Clifford R., and Henry D. McKay. Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.
——————. "Social Factors in Juvenile Delinquency." Report on the Causes of Crime, vol. 2. National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office., 1931.
Shaw, Clifford R., Henry D. McKay, and James F. MacDonald. Brothers in Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938.
Shaw, Clifford R., Harvey Zorbaugh, Henry D. McKay, and Leonard S. Cottrell. Delinquency Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929.
Simmel, Georg. "Conflict." [1908]. In Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1955.
——————. "The Metropolis and Mental Life." [1903]. Translated from the German by Edwin A. Shils. In Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms, edited by Donald N. Levine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
——————. "Prostitution." [1907, from Philosophy of Money]. In Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms, edited by Donald N. Levine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
——————. "The Stranger." [1908]. Translated from the German by Donald N. Levine. In Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms, edited by Donald N. Levine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. [WWW]
Thomas, William I. "Eugenics: The Science of Breeding Men." American Magazine, 68 (1909): 190-97. [WWW]
——————. The Unadjusted Girl: With Cases and Standpoint for Behavior Analysis. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1923. [WWW]
——————. Sex and Society: Studies in the Social Psychology of Sex. Second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1907. [WWW]
Thomas, William I., Robert E. Park, and Herbert A. Miller. Old World Traits Transplanted. [1921]. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1971.
Thomas, William I., and Dorothy Swaine Thomas. The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1928.
Thomas, William I,, and Florian Znaniecki. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. Boston: Gorham, 1920.
Thrasher, Frederic M. The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927.
Zorbaugh, Harvey W. The Gold Coast and the Slum: A Sociological Study of Chicago’s Near North Side. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929.
For good historical accounts and further references to the thinkers of the Chicago School, see Bulmer’s history and Kurtz’s book-length annotated bibliography in part III-B-2, below.
2. Later Critical Writings on Human Ecology and Social Disorganization Theory
Bennett, James. Oral History and Delinquency: The Rhetoric of Criminology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Bulmer, Martin. The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Bursik, Robert J. "Urban Dynamics and Ecological Studies of Delinquency." Social Forces 63 (1984): 393-413. [JSTOR]
Deegan, Mary Jo. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1988.
Hawley, Amos H. "Ecology and Human Ecology." Social Forces 22 (1943): 398-405. [JSTOR]
——————. Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure. New York: Ronald Press, 1950.
Jack-Roller, The, and Snodgrass, Jon. The Jack-Roller at Seventy: A Fifty-Year Follow-Up. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1982.
Joas, Hans. "Symbolic Interactionism." In Social Theory Today, edited by Anthony Giddens and Jonathan H. Turner. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.
Kobrin, Solomon. "The Chicago Area Project—A 25-Year Assessment." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 322 (1955): 19-29.
——————. "The Conflict of Values in Delinquent Areas." American Sociological Review 16 (October 1951): 653-61. [JSTOR]
Kurtz, Lester R. Evaluating Chicago Sociology: A Guide to the Literature, with an Annotated Bibliography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Laub, John. H. "Delinquency Research and Delinquency Prevention Problems in Chicago, Illinois." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
——————. "Interview with Solomon Kobrin." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
Snodgrass, Jon. "Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay: Chicago Criminologists." The British Journal of Criminology 16 (Jan. 1976): 1-19.
Whyte, William F. Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1943.
B. Differential Association Theory
1. Sutherland, Inc.
Burgess, Robert, and Ronald Akers. "A Differential Association Reinforcement Theory of Criminal Behavior." Social Problems 14 (1966): 128-47.
Cressey, Donald R. "Culture Conflict, Differential Association, and Normative Conflict." In Crime and Culture: Essays in Honor of Thorsten Sellin, edited by Marvin E. Wolfgang. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1968. [Discusses Influence of Sellin’s Culture Conflict Theory on Sutherland's Differential Association Theory.]
——————. Other People’s Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement. New York: The Free Press, 1953.
——————. Theft of the Nation: The Structure and Operations of Organized Crime in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1969. [Account of Organized Crime Influenced by Differential Association Theory.]
——————. "The Theory of Differential Association: An Introduction." Social Problems 8, no. 1 (1960): 2-6. [Special Issue of Social Problems, introducing essays by Glaser, McKay, and Short.]
Glaser, Daniel. "Criminality Theories and Behavioral Images." American Journal of Sociology 61 (1956): 433-44. [JSTOR]
——————. "Differential Association and Criminological Prediction." Social Problems 8 (1960): 6-14.
Laub, John H. "Interview with Daniel Glaser." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
——————. "Interview with Donald R. Cressey." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
McKay, Henry D. "Differential Association and Crime Prevention: Problems of Utilization." Social Problems 8, no. 1 (1960): 25-37.
Odum, Howard W. "Edwin H. Sutherland—1883-1950." Social Forces 29 (1951): 348-49. [JSTOR] [Short Biography of Sutherland’s Career: Citations to other sources can be found in On Analyzing Crime, below.]
Short, James F., Jr. "Differential Assocation as a Hypothesis: Problems of Empirical Testing." Social Problems 8, no. 1 (1960): 14-25.
Sutherland, Edwin H. "Is 'White Collar Crime' Crime?" American Sociological Review 10, no. 2 (1945): 132-39. [Reprinted with alterations as chapter four of White Collar Crime.] [JSTOR]
——————. On Analyzing Crime, edited by Karl Schuessler. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. [An edited collection of Sutherland’s essays identical to The Sutherland Papers, minus a few reviews and plus a brief autobiographical statement.]
——————. The Professional Thief: By a Professional Thief. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.
——————. The Sutherland Papers, edited by Albert Cohen, Alfred Lindesmith, and Karl Schuessler. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1956. [See On Analyzing Crime, above.]
——————. White Collar Crime. New York: Dryden, 1949.
——————. White Collar Crime: The Uncut Version. [1949]. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1983. [Includes all the citations and case studies that Sutherland was asked to remove, plus a biography of Sutherland.]
——————. "White-Collar Criminality." American Sociological Review 5, no 1 (1940): 1-12. [Reprinted with alterations as chapter four of White Collar Crime.] [JSTOR]
Sutherland, Edwin H., and Donald R. Cressey. Criminology. Ninth Edition. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1924.
Sykes, Gresham M. and David Matza. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 22 (1957): 664-70. [JSTOR]
Turner, Ralph H. "The Quest for Universals in Sociological Research." American Sociological Review 18 (1953): 604-11. [Discussion of the method of analytic induction.] [JSTOR]
2. Rethinking Differential Association Theory;
The Differential Association/Control Theory DebateAkers, Ronald L. "Is Differential Association/Social Learning Cultural Deviance Theory?" Criminology 34, no. 2 (1996): 229-47.
——————. Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998.
Costello, Barbara. "On the Logical Adequacy of Cultural Deviance Theories." Theoretical Criminology 1, no. 4 (1997): 403-28.
—————. "The Remarkable Persistence of a Flawed Theory: A Rejoinder to Matsueda." Theoretical Criminology 2, no. 1 (1998): 85-92.
Hirschi, Travis, and Michael Gottfredson. "The Sutherland Tradition in Criminology." In Understanding Crime: Current Theory and Research, edited by Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson, 7-18. Beverly Hills, California: Sage University Press, 1980.
Kornhauser, Ruth R. Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Laub, John H., and Robert J. Sampson. "The Sutherland-Glueck Debate: On the Sociology of Criminological Knowledge." American Journal of Sociology 96, no. 6 (1991): 1402-40. [JSTOR]
Matsueda, Ross L. "‘Cultural Deviance Theory’: The Remarkable Persistence of a Flawed Term." Theoretical Criminology 1, no. 4 (1997): 429-52.
——————. "Testing Control Theory and Differential Association: A Causal Modeling Approach." American Sociological Review 47 (1982): 489-504. [JSTOR]
McCarthy, Bill. "The Attitudes and Actions of Others: Tutelage and Sutherland’s Theory of Differential Association." The British Journal of Criminology 36, no. 1 (1996): 135-47.
C. Structural-Functionalism
Chilton, Roland J. "Continuity on Delinquency Area Research: "A Comparison of Studies of Baltimore, Detroit, and Indianapolis." American Sociological Review 29 (1964): 71-83. [JSTOR]
Cloward, Richard A. "Illegitimate Means, Anomie, and Deviant Behavior." American Sociological Review 24 (Apr. 1959): 164-76. [JSTOR]
Cloward, Richard A., and Lloyd E. Ohlin. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. New York: Free Press, 1960.
Cohen, Albert K. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. New York: Free Press, 1955.
——————. "The Sociology of the Deviant Act: Anomie Theory and Beyond." American Sociological Review 30 (Feb. 1965): 5-14. [JSTOR]
Cullen, Frances T. "Were Cloward and Ohlin Strain Theorists? Delinquency and Opportunity Revisited." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 25 (1988): 214-41.
Durkheim, Émile. Suicide: A Study in Sociology. [1897]. Translated from the French by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. Edited by George Simpson. New York: The Free Press, 1951.
Lander, Bernard. Towards an Understanding of Juvenile Delinquency. New York: Columbia University Press, 1954.
Laub, John. H. "Interview with Albert K. Cohen." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
——————. "Interview with Lloyd E. Ohlin." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
Messner, Steven F. and Richard Rosenberg. Crime and the American Dream. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1994.
Merton, Robert K. On Social Structure and Science, essays by Robert K. Merton, edited by Piotr Sztompka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
——————. "Opportunity Structure." In The Legacy of Anomie Theory, edited by Freda Adler and William Laufer. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1995.
——————. "Social Structure and Anomie." American Sociological Review 3 (Oct. 1938): 672-82. An expanded version appears in Social Theory and Social Structure. Also reprinted in On Social Structure and Science. [JSTOR]
——————. Social Theory and Social Structure. 2nd Revised Edition. New York: Free Press, 1968.
Mestrovic, Stjepan G., and Helene M. Brown, "Durkheim’s Concept of Anomie as Derèglement," Social Problems 33 (1985): 81-99.
Robert K. Merton’s "Opportunity Structure" provides an account of the origins of strain theory and its development into subcultural theory. Many of Merton’s influential essays have been republished in Sztompka's anthology, above.
D. Cultural Conflict Theories
Erlanger, Howard. "Is There a Subculture of Violence in the South?" Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 66 (1976): 483-490.
Laub, John. H. "Interview with Thorsten Sellin." See work cited in V.C.
Rusche, George, and Otto Kirchheimer. Punishment and Social Structure. New York: Russell and Russell, 1939.
Sellin, Thorsten. Culture Conflict and Crime. New York: Social Science Research Council, 1938.
Wolfgang, Marvin E. Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith, 1958.
Wolfgang, Marvin E., and Franco Ferracuti. The Subculture of Violence: Towards an Integrated Theory in Criminology. London: Social Science Paperbacks: 1967.
A. Control Theories
Gottfredson, Michael R., and Travis Hirschi. A General Theory of Crime. Berkeley, California: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Hagan, John, A.R. Gillis, and J. Simpson. "Clarifying and Extending Power-Control Theory." American Journal of Sociology 95 (1990): 1024-37. [JSTOR]
Hirschi, Travis. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1969.
Hirschi, Travis, and Michel R. Gottfredson. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Kornhauser, Ruth Rosner. Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Matsueda, Ross L., and Karen Heimer. "A Symbolic Interactionist Theory of Role-Transitions, Role-Commitments, and Delinquency." In Advances in Criminological Theory, volume 7. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1997.
Matza, David. Delinquency and Drift. New York: John Wiley, 1964.
Miller, Walter B. "Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency." Journal of Social Issues 14 (1958): 5-19.
Reckless, Walter C. The Crime Problem. 3rd Edition. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1961.
Sampson, Robert, and John Laub. Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993.
B. Situational Crime Prevention
Bottoms, Anthony E. "Environmental Criminology." In The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, edited by Mike Maguire, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Bottoms, Anthony E., and Paul Wiles. "Explanations of Crime and Place." In Crime, Policing and Place: Essays in Environmental Criminology, 11-35, edited by D. J. Evans, N. R. Fyfe, and D. T. Herbert. London: Routledge, 1992.
——————. "Housing Tenure and Residential Crime Careers in Britain." In Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Michael Tonry, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Brantingham, Paul J., and Patricia L. Brantingham, ed. Environmental Criminology. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1981.
Bursik, Robert J., Jr. "Ecological Stability and the Dynamics of Delinquency." In Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Michael Tonry, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Clarke, Ronald V., and Marcus Felson, ed. Routine Activity and Rational Choice: Advances in Criminological Theory, Volume 5. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1993.
——————. Routine Activity and Rational Choice: Advances in Criminological Theory, Volume 5. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1993.
Clarke, Ronald V., ed. Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. New York: Harrow and Heston, 1992.
Cohen, Lawrence E., and Marcus Felson. "Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach." American Sociological Review 44 (August 1979): 588-608. [JSTOR]
Davis, Mike. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso, 1990.
Doctorow, E. L. "Disneyland at Christmas." In The Book of Daniel; A Novel. New York: Random House, 1971.
Eck, John E. "Preventing Crime at Places." Chapter Seven of Preventing Crime: What Works, What's Doesn't, What's Promising, ("The Sherman Report"). Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice Research Brief, July 1998. [WWW]
Eck, John E., and David Weisburd. "Crime Places in Crime Theory." In Crime and Place, Crime Prevention Studies, volume 4, edited by Ronald V. Clarke,. Monsey, New York: Willow Tree Press, Inc., 1995.
Ellickson, Robert C. "Controlling Chronic Misconduct in City Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Skid Rows, and Public-Space Zoning." The Yale Law Journal 105 (1996): 1165-1248. [LEXIS]
Felson, Marcus. Crime and Everyday Life: Insights and Implications for Society. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press, 1994.
Gardner, Carol Brooks. "Out of Place: Gender, Public Places, and Situational Disadvantage." In NowHere: Space, Time and Modernity, edited by Roger Friedland and Deirdre Boden. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1994.
——————. Passing By: Gender and Public Harassment. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995.
Garland, David. "The Limits of the Sovereign State: Strategies of Crime Control in Contemporary Society." The British Journal of Criminology 36, no. 4 (Autumn 1996): 445-71.
Herbert, David T. The Geography of Urban Crime. London: Longman, 1982.
Hindelang, Michael J., Michael R. Gottfredson, and James Garofalo. Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation For a Theory of Personal Victimization. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1978.
Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books, 1961.
Jeffery, C. Ray. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1971.
Merry, Sally E. "Defensible Space Undefended: Social Factors in Crime Control Through Environmental Design." Urban Affairs Quarterly 16, no. 4 (June 1981): 397-422.
——————. Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981.
Munzer, Stephen R. "Ellickson on ‘Chronic Misconduct’ in Urban Spaces: Of Panhandlers, Bench Squatters, and Day Laborers." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 32 (1997): 1-48. [LEXIS]
Newman, Graeme, Ronald V. Clarke, and S. Giora Shoham. Rational Choice and Situational Crime Prevention: Theoretical Foundations. Brookfield, Vermont: Ashgate, 1997.
Newman, Oscar. Defensible Space: Crime Prevention through Urban Design. New York: Collier Books, 1973.
Poyner, Barry, and Barry Webb. Crime Free Housing. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Architecture, 1991.
Sherman, Lawrence W. "Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places." [1989]. In Crime and Place, Crime Prevention Studies, volume 4, edited by Ronald V. Clarke. Monsey, New York: Willow Tree Press, Inc., 1995.
Skogan, Wesley. "Fear of Crime and Neighborhood Change." In Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Michael Tonry, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Smith, Susan J. Crime, Space and Society. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Stanko, Elizabeth A. "Safety Talk: Conceptualizing Women's Risk Assessment as a 'Technology of the Soul'." Theoretical Criminology 1, no. 4 (1997): 479-99.
——————. "Warnings to Women: Police Advice and Women's Safety in Britain." Violence Against Women 2 (1996): 5-24.
Taylor, Ralph B., and Stephen Gottfredson. "Environmental Design, Crime, and Prevention: An Examination of Community Dynamics." In Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Michael Tonry, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Walklate, Sandra. "Excavating the Fear of Crime: Fear, Anxiety or Trust?" Theoretical Criminology 2, no. 4 (1998): 403-18.
——————. "Risk and Criminal Victimization: A Modernist Dilemma?" The British Journal of Criminology 37 (1997): 35-45.
Warr, Mark. "Fear of Rape among Urban Women." Social Problems 32, no. 3 (February 1985): 238-50.
Wilson, Elizabeth. The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, The Control of Disorder, and Women. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1991.
Wilson, James Q. "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety." [1982]. In Thinking about Crime. Revised edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1983. [WWW]
——————. "Thinking About Crime." [1975]. In Thinking about Crime. Revised edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1983. [WWW]
A. Labeling and Shaming Theories;
Symbolic Interactionism and Social ConstructivismBecker, Howard S. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press, 1963.
——————, ed. The Other Side: Perspectives on Deviance. New York: The Free Press, 1964.
Beckett, Katherine. Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics. London: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Bennett, James. "The Political Paradigm: Saul Alinsky, Howard S. Becker, and the Autobiography of a Girl Drug Addict." In Oral History and Delinquency, section III-A-2, above.
Braithwaite, John. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Erickson, Kai T. "Notes on the Sociology of Deviance." [1962]. In The Other Side: Perspectives on Deviance, edited by Howard S. Becker. New York: The Free Press, 1964.
Ferrell, Jeff. Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politics of Criminality. Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 1996.
Foucault, Michel. "The Dangerous Individual." [1978]. Translated from the French by Alain Baudot and Jane Couchman. In Michel Foucault: Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984, edited by Lawrence D. Kritzman. New York: Routledge, 1988.
——————. "Prison Talk." In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-77, edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.
——————. "Truth and Power." In Power/Knowledge; Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-77, edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.
Garfinkel, Harold. "Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies." American Journal of Sociology 61, February (1956): 420-24. [JSTOR]
Goffman, Erving. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. New York: Anchor Books, 1961.
——————. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books, 1961.
——————. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963.
Kitsuse, John I. "Societal Reaction to Deviant Behavior: Problems of Theory and Method." [1960]. In The Other Side: Perspectives on Deviance, edited by Howard S. Becker. New York: The Free Press, 1964.
Laub, John. H. "Interview with Edwin M. Lemert." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
——————. "Interview with Hans W. Mattick." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
——————. "Interview with Leslie T. Wilkins." In Criminology in the Making, section V-E, below.
Lemert, Edwin M. "Beyond Mead: The Societal Reaction to Deviance." Social Problems 21 (April 1974): 457-68.
——————. Human Deviance, Social Problems and Social Control. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, 1972.
——————. Social Pathology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.
Liazos, Alexander. "The Poverty of the Sociology of Deviance: Nuts, Sluts, and Perverts." Social Problems 20, Summer (1972): 103-20.
Manders, Dean. "Labelling Theory and Social Reality: A Marxist Critique." Insurgent Sociologist 6 no. 1 (1975): 53-66.
Mead, George Herbert. Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist, edited by Charles W. Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934.
Melossi, Dario. "Overcoming the Crisis in Critical Criminology: Toward a Grounded Labeling Theory." Criminology 23 no. 2 (1985): 193-208.
Petrunik, Michael. "The Rise and Fall of ‘Labelling Theory’: The Construction and Destruction of a Sociological Strawman." Canadian Journal of Sociology 5 no. 3 (1980): 213-33.
Rosenhan, David. "On Being Sane in Insane Places." Science 179 (1973): 205-58. [JSTOR]
Sampson, Robert. "Effects of Socioeconomic Context On Official Reaction to Juvenile Delinquency." American Sociological Review 51 (1986): 876-85. [JSTOR]
Sasson, Theodore. Crime Talk: How Citizens Construct a Social Problem. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1995.
Scheff, Thomas. "The Role of the Mentally Ill and the Dynamics of Mental Disorder." Sociometry 26 (1963): 436-53. [JSTOR]
Schur, Edwin M. Crimes Without Victims: Deviant Behavior and Public Policy; Abortion, Homosexuality, Drug Addiction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.
——————. Labeling Deviant Behavior: Its Sociological Implications. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.
——————. The Politics of Deviance: Stigma Contests and the Uses of Power. Prentice Hall, 1980.
Tannenbaum, Frank. Crime and the Community. Boston: Ginn and Co., 1938.
Wilkins, Leslie T. Social Deviance. London: Tavistock Publications, 1965.
B. Conflict, Radical, and Critical Theories
Adamson, Christopher. "Towards a Marxian Penology: Captive Criminal Populations as Economic Threats and Resources." Social Problems 31, (1983): 435-58.
Bonger, Willem. An Introduction to Criminology. London: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1936.
——————. Criminality and Economic Conditions. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1916.
——————. Criminality and Economic Conditions. [1916]. Part II, Book II. Abridged with an Introduction by Austin T. Turk. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1969.
——————. Race and Crime. New York: Colombia University Press, 1943.
Chambliss, William J. On the Take: From Petty Crooks to Presidents. [1978]. Second Edition. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988.
——————. "A Sociological Analysis of the Law of Vagrancy." Social Problems 12, Summer (1964): 150-70.
Chambliss, William J., and Milton Mankoff, ed. Whose Law? What Order? A Conflict Approach to Criminology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1976.
DeKeseredy, Walter S. "The Left Realist Perspective on Race, Class, and Gender." In Race, Gender, and Class in Criminology: The Intersections, edited by Martin D. Schwartz and Dragan Milanovic. New York: Garland Publishing, 1997.
Greenberg, David. Crime and Capitalism: Readings in Marxist Criminology. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.
Hulsman, Louk H. C. "Critical Criminology and the Concept of Crime." Contemporary Crises 10 no. 1 (1986): 63-80.
Keith, Michael. Race, Riots, and Policing. London: UCL Press, 1993.
MacLean, Brian D., and Dragan Milovanovic, ed. Thinking Critically about Crime. Richmond, British Columbia: Collective Press, 1997.
Marx, Karl. Capital, Volume One. [1967]. Translated from the German by Samuel Moor and Edward Aveling. In The Marx-Engels Reader, second edition, edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1978. [WWW]
——————. "Class Conflict and Law." In Selected Writings and Social Philosophies. Translated from the German by T. B. Bottommore. London: McGraw-Hill, 1964. See especially 200-01; 215-30.
——————. "Debates on the Law on Thefts of Wood." Translated from the German by Clemens Dutt. Articles in Rheinische Zeitung, October 25-November 3,1842. [WWW]
——————. The German Ideology. [1845-46]. Translated from the German by S. Ryazanskaya. In The Marx-Engels Reader, second edition, edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1978. [WWW]
Marx, Karl, and Fredrick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. [1847]. Translated from the German by Samuel Moore, in Cooperation with Fredrick Engels. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1969. [WWW]
Melossi, Dario. "Overcoming the Crisis in Critical Criminology: Toward a Grounded Labeling Theory." Criminology 23, no. 2 (1985): 193-208.
Melossi, Dario and Massimo Pavarini. The Prison and the Factory: Origins of the Penitentiary System. [1977]. Translated from the Italian by Glynis Cousin. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1981.
Platt, Anthony M. The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. [1969]. Second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
——————. "Prospects for a Radical Criminology in the United States." Crime and Social Justice 1 (1974): 2-10. Reprinted in Taylor, et. al., below.
Quinney, Richard. The Social Reality of Crime. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.
Reiman, Jeffrey H. The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice. [1979]. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. [WWW]
Rusche, Georg, and Otto Kirschheimer. Punishment and Social Structure. Columbia University Press, 1939.
Schwartz, Martin D. and Walter S. DeKeseredy. "Left Realist Criminology: Strengths, Weaknesses, and the Feminist Critique." Crime, Law, and Social Change 15 (1991), 51-72.
Schwartz, Richard D. and Jerome H. Skolnick. "Two Studies of Legal Stigma." Social Problems 10 (1962), 133-42.
Schwendinger, Herman and Julia S. Schwendinger. Adolescent Subcultures and Delinquency. New York: Praeger, 1985.
Scraton, Phil and Kathryn Chadwick. "The Theoretical and Political Priorities of Critical Criminology." In The Politics of Crime Control, edited by K. Stenson and D. Cowell, 166-85. London: Sage, 1991.
Sparks, Richard. "A Critique of Marxist Criminology." In Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research 2 (1980), pp. 159-210. Michael Tonry and Norval Morris, ed.
Spitzer, Stephen. "Towards a Marxian Theory of Deviance." Social Problems 22, no. 5 (1974): 638-51.
Sykes, Gresham M. "The Rise of Critical Criminology." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 65 no. 2 (1974): 206-13.
Taylor, Ian, Paul Walton, and Jock Young. The New Criminology: For a Social Theory of Deviance. New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
——————, editors. Critical Criminology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1975.
Thompson, E. P. Whigs and Hunters: The Origins of the Black Act. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Triplett, Ruth. "The Conflict Perspective, Symbolic Interactionism, and the Status Characteristics Hypothesis." Justice Quarterly 10 (1993): 541-556.
Turk, Austin. "Conflict and Criminality." American Sociological Review 31 (June 1966): 338-52. [JSTOR]
——————. Criminology and Legal Order. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.
Vold, George B. Theoretical Criminology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1958.
Walton, Paul, and Jock Young, ed. The New Criminology Revisited. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
Young, Jock, and R. Matthews. Rethinking Criminology: The Realist Debate. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1992.
C. Race, Work, and the Changing City
Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Streets: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.
——————. Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Bourgois, Philippe. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Logan, John R., and Harvey L. Molotch. Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
MacLeod, Jay. Ain't No Makin' It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.
Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960’s to the 1990’s. Second edition. New York: Rutledge, 1994.
Reiss, Albert, and Michael Tonry, ed. Communities and Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Sampson, Robert, and William Julius Wilson. "Toward a Theory of Race, Crime and Urban Inequality." In Crime and Inequality, edited by John Hagan and Ruth D. Peterson. Berkeley, California: Stanford University Press, 1995.
Sullivan, Mercer L. 'Getting Paid': Youth Crime and Work in the Inner City. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Willis, Paul. Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids get Working Class Jobs. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Wilson, William Julius. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. [1978]. Second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
——————. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
——————. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.
D. Femininities, Masculinities, and Feminist Critiques of Criminology
Cain, Maureen. "Towards Transgression: New Directions in Feminist Criminology." International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 18 no. 1 (1990): 1-18.
Chesney-Lind, Meda. "Girls, Crime, and Women’s Place: Towards a Feminist Model of Female Delinquency." Crime and Delinquency 35 (1981): 5-29.
Daly, Kathleen. "Different Ways of Conceptualizing Sex/Gender in Feminist Theory and the Implications for Criminology." Theoretical Criminology 1, no. 1 (1997): 25-51.
——————. Gender, Crime, and Punishment. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
Messerschmidt, James. Masculinites and Crime: Critique and Reconceptualization of Theory. Rowman and Littlefield, 1993.
Newburn, Tim, and Elizabeth A. Stanko. Just Boy’s Doing Business? Men, Masculinities and Crime. London: Routledge, 1994.
O'Toole, Laura L., and Jessica R. Schiffman, ed. Gender Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
Polk, Kenneth. When Men Kill: Scenarios of Masculine Violence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Rafter, Nicole Hahn, and Frances Heidensohn, ed. International Feminist Perspectives in Criminology: Engendering a Discipline. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995.
Simpson, Sally S. "Feminist Theory, Crime, and Justice." Criminology 27 (1989): 605-31.
Smart, Carol. "Feminist Approaches to Criminology: Postmodern Woman meets Atavistic Man." In Feminist Perspectives in Criminology, edited by A. Morris and L. Gelsthorpe, 71-84. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1990.
Young, Alison. "Criminology and the Question of Feminism." In Imagining Crime: Textual Outlaws and Criminal Conversations. London: SAGE Publications, 1996.
E. Contemplating Criminology
Bennett, James. Oral History and Delinquency: The Rhetoric of Criminology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Cohen, Stanley. Against Criminology. [1988]. London: Transaction Publishers, 1988.
Cohen, Stanley. "Footprints in the Sand: A Further Report on Criminology and the Sociology of Deviance in Britain." In Crime and Society, edited by M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan, and J. Pawson. London: Routledge and Open University Press, 1981.
——————. "Human Rights and Crimes of the State: The Culture of Denial." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 26 no. 2 (1993): 97-115.
——————. Visions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment and Classification. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 1985.
Garland, David. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Laub, John H. Criminology in the Making: An Oral History. Boston, Mass: Northeastern University Press, 1983.
Mills, C. Wright. "The Professional Ideology of Social Pathologists." American Journal of Sociology, 49, no. 2 (1943): 165-80. [JSTOR]
Nelken, David, editor. The Futures of Criminology. London: Sage, 1994.
Williams, Frank P. III. "The Sociology of Criminological Theory: Paradigm or Fad." In the Sociology of Delinquency: Current Issues, edited by Gary F. Jensen. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1981.
F. Contemporary Developments in Social Theory
Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.
——————.. "On Violence." [1970]. In Crises of the Republic. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972.
——————. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Second Enlarged Edition. New York: Meridian Books, 1958.
Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage, 1992.
Bourdieu, Pierre. "The Force of Law: Towards a Sociology of the Juridical Field." Hastings Law Review 38 (1987): 814-52.
Dean, Mitchell. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications, 1999.
Foucault, Michel. "Governmentality." [1978]. Translated from the French by Rosi Braidotti. In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, edited by Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
——————. "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History." [1971]. Translated from the French by Donald F. Bouchard and Sherry Simon. In The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Giddens, Anthony. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
——————. Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analyisis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim, and Max Weber. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.
——————. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Berkeley: Stanford University Press, 1991.
——————. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Gramsci, Antonio. Prison Notebooks, edited by Joseph A. Buttigieg. [1929-35]. Translated from the Italian by Joseph A. Buttigieg and Antonio Callari. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
Habermas, Jürgen. The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume One: Reason and the Rationalization of Society; The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume Two: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. [1981]. Translated from the German by Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon Press, 1986.
Hechter, Michael. Principles of Group Solidarity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
Kuhn, Thomas S. "The Natural and the Human Sciences." In The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture, edited by David R. Hiley, James F. Bohman, and Richard Shusterman, 17-24. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
——————-. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Merton, Robert K. "Notes on Problem-Finding in Sociology." In Sociology Today: Problems and Prospects, edited by Robert K. Merton, Leonard Broom, and Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1959.
Nussbaum, Martha C. Poetic Justice: The Literary Imagination and Public Life. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.
Powell, Walter W., and Paul J. DiMaggio, ed. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Rorty, Richard. "Method, Social Science, and Social Hope." In Consequences of Pragmatism: Essays 1972-1980, 191-210. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
Strauss, Leo. Natural Right and History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.
——————. What is Political Philosophy? New York: The Free Press, 1959.
Taylor, Charles. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1991.
——————. "Interpretation and the Sciences of Man." [1971]. In Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
——————. "Social Theory as Practice." [1981]. In Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
——————. Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1989.
——————. "Understanding and Ethnocentricity." [1981]. In Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
The British Journal of Criminology
